Resistance transfer factor (RTF)
This plasmid is the great choice in medical importance as it leads to the spread of multiple drug resistance among
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microbiology
Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements
Plasmids are circular DNA molecules present in the cytoplasm of bacteria, capable of autonomous replication (independent replication). Plasmids consist genes
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Clostridium botulinum
• Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins (botulinum toxins) under low-oxygen conditions.• Botulinum toxins are one of
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Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum toxin, also called “miracle poison,” is one of the most poisonous biological substances known.Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is produced by
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Streptococcus
Streptococcus is one of the bacteria commonly present as normal flora of the human body. They are gram positive, nonmotile,
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Urine Culture And Its Microbiological Analysis
Laboratory analysis is the initial step of examination of urine specimen. The midstream urine is required and that should be
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Optochin Susceptibility Test
Methylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (Optochin) is an quinine derivative and a water soluble compounds. In a very low concentrations, it inhibits S.
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Identification Of Staphylococci
The genus Staphylococcus comprises of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms. They are Gram-positive, form irregular clusters of spherical cells, mesophilic,
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Demonstration Of Microbial Production Of Curd
In India, milk is being used for producing milk products using lactic acid-producing bacteria. Curd is similar to yoghurt. In
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Detection Of Bacteria In Spoiled Tinned Food
Generally food is spoiled due to four important reasons. During packing, (i) the poor knowledge to the packer, (ii) mishandling
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